In my research
and investing I stress three things: people, structure and value. I look
for companies that are controlled and managed by quality people, have corporate
structures that align minority and majority shareholder interests and trade at
valuations that are below intrinsic levels if not outright cheap.
This post is mostly about
people. More specifically it is about
investors and their desire for steady returns.
While I can understand the desire for predictability, it runs against my experience and philosophy.
Stability definitely has its
place. A stable political system, marriage
and friendships are extremely good things.
And I’m about as far from an anarchist as possible.
But I feel differently about
business and investments. In fact I get
scared when things are too stable and predictable. The world is wonderfully chaotic and
investors should embrace this rather than spending a lot of time, energy and
money trying to smooth returns. “Entropy
is the only constant” is my favorite graffiti. Closer to home friends say "變幻才是永恆"; "there is nothing permanent except change".
Let me explain.
In the last few months I've been talking to people about my investment process and how I can help manage their funds. It’s been going slow. Most of the world is looking for steady, safe
and predictable returns. Asia’s moneyed
class are looking for steady returns of 5-6% according to feedback from several
in the financial community.
European investors must be
even more scared. Many are not only
forgoing positive returns, but are paying governments for the privilege of
holding their money. Hence the negative
government bond yields in many European countries.
In contrast my investment
strategy and process - which looks for out-of-favor quality companies in beaten
down markets - are dependent on continued volatility. Great bargains rarely appear in steady
markets. Great returns are also rare in steady markets.
Be Afraid of Stability
Twenty-five years ago as a young
analyst I loved analyzing companies that had steadily increasing sales,
constant profit margins and growing profits. This made my financial projections
easy.
However experience has taught
me not to trust steady returns and
stability. The business world is competitive
and anything but stable. I now believe
that ‘stable’, ‘no risk’, and ‘guaranteed return’ are some of the most
frightening words in business and investment.
Consider the following:
- Bernie Madoff’s funds got big by seemingly delivering steady monthly returns in both up and down markets. As we know now, it was all a fraud.
- Before it went bankrupt, Enron was well-liked by sell-side analysts and investors for meeting analyst estimates. It steadily met expectations and was considered a stable and safe company. But it was mostly smoke and mirrors before it became America’s largest bankruptcy.
- The desire for, and fallacy of, steady growth is nothing new. Adam Smith (aka George Goodman) wrote about the illusion of steady growth in his 1972 book SuperMoney. "Everywhere you looked, there was a company with a neat stepladder of growing earnings. Some kept the stepladder right up to the day they filed for bankruptcy" (my review of the book is here).
- In his commentary on Dell being fined by the SEC for fraudulent accounting designed to smooth earnings, author and Darden School of Business professor Edward Hess notes that, "companies that grow for more than four consecutive years without resorting to earnings games are the exception, not the rule” (source document is here).
Growth and investments by
definition are dependent on the future.
No one can predict the future so there is simply no way to fully guarantee
their success or return. Not every
corporate expansion project works just as not every investment works (ask me
about Ukraine. Link here).
At the end of the day, the
world is not a stable or predictable place. And we don’t want it that way:
- If the world was stable over the last 100 years most of us would be plowing fields and playing cards instead of working in temperature-controlled offices and surfing 100 cable channels.
- Who would have predicted that a college dropout, hippy wannabe and a disheveled electronics geek would create Apple which changes the way we communicate, access information, and take pictures?
- I’m sure Kodak and many other companies would have preferred the stability of the pre-digital world. Investors who embraced change did well, those that stuck with the old did not
- The biggest advertisement for positive effects of change is China. Virtually the entire country has transformed in the last 30 years. Subsistence agriculture to export manufacturing to domestic consumption. Rural to urban migration. Collective agriculture to private property. Etc, etc.
The world is wonderfully
chaotic. Live with it. Embrace
it. Profit from it.
